Era solo un bambino Luigi Morandi quando il generale Garibaldi in fuga da Roma, “bello di fama e di sventura”, mise piede a Todi alla testa di una piccola colonna armata che non arrivava a tremila uomini. Era l’11 luglio 1849, la tragica, eroica, estate del 1849: si era appena consumata l’epopea della Repubblica romana e nella cittadina umbra sventolava ancora il tricolore. Garibaldi e i suoi provenivano da Terni, avevano necessità di qualche giorno di riposo, di bestie da soma per trasportare i bagagli e di buoi per garantirsi quel vitto che avrebbe dovuto sostentare una marcia che si prevedeva ancora lunga e difficile fino a Venezia. A Todi Garibaldi fa sostare le truppe presso il Convento dei Cappuccini e con alcuni ufficiali entra in città, salendo fino al piazzale dove un tempo dominava la Rocca. Gli fa da guida Antonio Valentini (1785 – 1858), una delle più importanti figure del Risorgimento todino, ex tenente-quartiermastro della Guardia napoleonica e Maggiore della Guardia Civica. Garibaldi si trattiene due giorni: organizza un modesto presidio e raccomanda al sacerdote don Luigi Crispolti la tutela degli abitanti dalla rabbia e dalle immancabili rappresaglie austriache. A sancire nel tempo il legame di affetto tra quella località umbra e l’Eroe, un albero: un cipresso, ancora oggi vivo e vitale, piantato nell’orto sottostante la piazza che a Garibaldi sarà dedicata anni più tardi
Intanto quattro eserciti gli danno la caccia: il borbonico Statella gli muoveva contro alle spalle del Tronto; a Rieti l’aspettano gli Spagnoli di don Consalvo; gli Austriaci del maresciallo D’Aspre, il feroce fucilatore dei patrioti livornesi In May 1849, camped in front of Foligno in Umbria, close to the road to Perugia and Ancona. Just from Perugia to Todi start 8000 with six Austrian artillery, commanded by General Stadion with orders to "reduce the duty of the gangs that infest the land occupied by the victorious arms of the Empire", while access to the Legation and prevented by Gorzkoski. Meanwhile, from Rome to Civita Castellana Oudinot advances even a whole division of cavalry and several battalions headed by General Morris. The French and the Austrians seem to have forgotten ancient enmities and work together in pursuit of the sympathy and encouragement of reactionaries and moderati.
La morsa si stringeva sempre più e mentre i garibaldini prendevano la via della Toscana meridionale, le truppe francesi entravano a Orvieto e quelle spagnole e borboniche si insediavano a Terni, Narni e Spoleto. A loro volta gli austriaci del generale Klische De La Grange occupavano Perugia e Foligno. A Todi arrivava da Perugia un distaccamento austriaco agli ordini del Primo Tenente Tommaso Widensky che venne persuaso dal Valentini a non infierire sui repubblicani
Dopo una breve stagione di libertà l’intervento straniero riportava a Todi il dominio pontificio. Tornava il “governo dei preti” e con esso un clima politico - culturale cupo, arcigno, fatto di minacce, quando non erano vere e proprie persecuzioni, towards the more prominent of the liberal denial of any reference to Democratic parentheses, (the "past riots), the widespread practice of spies and informers everywhere unleashed.
Perhaps Luigi Morandi was still too young to grasp the magnitude of that tragic event. It is certain that the passage of Garibaldi and his one brief stop had to leave an indelible mark in the hearts and consciences of Todi and plans and expectations for food to survive the defeat. The protagonists of this moral and civil resistance some important figures of interest: the Count Girolamo Domenici, former Republican Guard lieutenant, Count Lorenzo Leoni, a former officer of the Civic Guard in Rome in early 1848, a priest Tudertina, Don Abdon menical, an admirer of Garibaldi and political supporter of Piedmont, the poet and scholar Joseph Cocchi, a friend of Gino Capponi, back in 1851 in Todi after a painful exile from Florence. And it is in memory of past examples of heroism, dedication to the national cause, in the hope of the coming changes to come that grows the young Louis Morandi.
was born in Todi in 1844 from a humble family and only 17 years had managed to enroll at the Scuola Normale di Perugia: to finance their studies and engage in accounting, in turn, taught as master at night school. A 19-year-old teacher at the secondary school of Spoleto, where he founded a "Review of the literature for the Umbria and Marche." He also wrote on "Alarm", "weekly political newspaper for Democracy, a progressive print head, which was one of the first attempts to make you feel at Perugia and in 'Umbria a voice different from the moderate positions of the ruling class. Work together, striving to offer views and processing but not limited to interest Umbrian able to deal with general issues and proposing a more modern Italian of the big issues, many intellectuals of the period: Raffaele Hercules, Hercules Ovid, Luigi Pianciani, Luigi Castellazzo, Concetto Procaccini, Paolo Geymonat, Emilio Lelmi, Annibale Cocchi.
Nel 1867 lo troviamo a Monterotondo con la camicia rossa di Garibaldi. Così dà notizie di sé e di quei giorni alla fidanzata che lo aspettava trepidante nella città umbra:
“E’ questa la terza volta che oggi ti scrivo; perché mi restavano ancora a dirti molte cose. E prima di tutto, io non so se a mia madre sia nota la mia partenza. Tu a quest’ora l’avrai comunicata a Galuppi. Ebbene ti prego che a lui tu dia le mie nuove, acciocché egli a sua volta possa darle a mia madre, se occorre…Riceverai da Firenze una copia del giornale il “Diritto”, where you'll find the story than we have written to me this morning. I'm always Pianciani and with the General. It is enough for now to tell you that we have suffered very much and enjoyed .. At this moment pass under my window that our band, which turns playing the hymn of Garibaldi. I feel a feverish joy, that you can not complain in words, but it breaks my heart thinking of the victims who cost us this victory. We have more than one hundred fifty and two hundred dead and more wounded! I leave you to write because I feel that the General has run to the window to talk to the volunteers ... "replied the pen moved. The General gave a magnificent speech, announcing it will shoot the volunteers who steal or commit other crimes. Thus was established the Court of war, of which I am secretary. He finished with two in the afternoon he announced that he leaves for Rome. now is the one! We have an hour ... Email me! Write and prepare a nice red shirt that I have not yet, but I will be in Rome, then barter with the device away from your hands .
Monterotondo, October 27, 1867 "A
his role of responsibility, also mentioned by Anton Giulio Barrili with Garibaldi in the outskirts of Rome :
"The court was composed of Colonel Pianciani, President, me, and Lieutenant Henry Copello, judges added, served as secretary Lieutenant Luigi Morandi, Italy, already known as a gentle poet, prose writer and later as talented and as a teacher of humane letters to the young Prince of Naples. "
Disappointed, but far from defeated, the tone of Morandi few days later, after the sad end of Mentana:
"My dear. After three exhausting days of walking up these mountains, here we are in the Italian State with four battalions commanded by Pianciani. From the agenda by which it was declared dissolved this body and you'll see that you can print you a clear idea of \u200b\u200bhow things have gone our own. We had to yield to French arrogance, but our honor is safe .. The red shirt he has not stained with cowardice. Tell you all that I feel is impossible. Pianciani now crying like a child in the goodbye by the soldiers. To him this campaign costs a few thousand crowns, which passed through his hands. We delivered weapons to the Italian authorities, to cries of Viva Italy. We officers have left the sword. In three days I will be back in my niche of Spoleto. Orvinio, November 8, at seven pm. "
The niche of Spoleto is the desk at the local Gymnasium: Next, Morandi won the 'teaching di italiano nell’Istituto tecnico di Forlì (1874), di Parma e poi di Roma (1879), dove l’anno dopo fu nominato professore pareggiato all’Università di Roma.
Ma la passione per la camicia rossa avrebbe continuato ad agire nella coscienza e nella memoria del Morandi, ormai affermato intellettuale, docente stimato e avviato a una brillante carriera politica. Ecco, alcuni suoi versi in cui si agita ancora il mito garibaldino
Garibaldi diceva a’ suoi guerrieri:
-
Figli! con me si mangia e dorme poco.
Chi a casa nostra non vuol più stranieri,
non deve ma trovar posa né loco,
and valleys and mountains, the whole month,
always in the sun, snow, water, fire.
With me those who want to dress of honor, if
must acquire at face value.
you wear a white shirt:
tingetela of red with your blood.
hath been lost in the sea shell
that dyed purple to tyrants;
hath been lost, and never again be resumed, nor
builds with the gold and deception;
but the holy vermilion
shirt every hour will be seen And passeran thousand years.
long last love of country,
will dye for color;
until the last home of affection,
to dye there any blood in his chest.
Certainly, after Mentana Luigi Morandi knew would have known that political development that was typical of many in democratic: a slow conversion to the idea that monarchy was also Crispi Nicotera, Depretis, Benedetto Cairoli, Alessandro Fortis, eminent men of letters as Carducci
... It is in this great new horizon that is consumed the remainder of the biography Luigi Morandi, critic, philologist, poet, playwright, teacher of Italian literature at the Prince of Naples (1881-1886), a very special experience of teaching well-told how he was educated in Vittorio Emanuele III , Torino, 1898 .
The age of "renaissance prose, which succeeded after the" heroic fury "youth, saw him especially capable of personal letters critical insights - was among the first to recognize the genius of Giuseppe Gioacchino Belli - and hard-working teacher, rich an 'intelligent sensitivity to issues of education and civic literary of the younger generation. Tra le opere che testimoniano dell’originalità dei suoi interessi meritano di essere ricordate Stornelli e altre poesie , Sanseverino Marche, 1867; Sonetti satirici in dialetto romanesco di G. G. Belli , Sanseverino Marche, 1869; Le correzioni dei Promessi Sposi e l’unità della lingua , Parma, 1879; Antologia della critica letteraria , Città di Castello, 1885, che fu la prima del genere “istruttivo e piacevole” con una modernissima attenzione ai testi extraletterari e in un’ottica finalmente antipuristica ; Sonetti romaneschi di G. G. Belli , by LOUIS MORANDI, Città di Castello, 1886 - 1889; Prose and poetry Italian, Città di Castello, 1896; Grammatichetta Italian (in collaboration with G. Cappuccini), Torino 1898,
Luigi Morandi traveled also a brilliant political career: he was elected Member of Parliament for the College of Todi in 1892 and some years later, in 1905, became a senator of the kingdom.died in Rome on January 6, 1922.
On the occasion of his death Todi wanted to remember the marble with an inscription underneath the arches of the Palazzo del Capitano: Here
grateful City Hall wanted the memory of the illustrious countrymansenatore del Regno
Luigi Morandi
garibaldino manzoniano dei primi,
illustratore sapiente della letteratura romanesca.
Grande fu il suo culto luminoso della lingua italiana
onde ebbe la lode di scrittori eminenti
e l’ufficio di precettore di Vittorio Emanuele III
MDCCCXLIV - MCMXXII.
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